what is computer algorithm ? write down the characteristics of computer algorithm.

A computer algorithm is a step-by-step procedure or set of rules for solving a specific problem or performing a particular computation. Algorithms serve as the foundation for computer programs and are crucial in various aspects of computer science, from data processing and sorting to artificial intelligence and network routing. Here are the key characteristics of a computer algorithm:

1. Input and Output:
   • Input: An algorithm takes zero or more inputs, which are values or data provided as input to the algorithm.
   • Output: It produces at least one output as a result of processing the input.
2. Definiteness:
   • The steps of an algorithm must be precisely and unambiguously defined. Each step should be clear and understandable.
3. Finiteness:
   • An algorithm must terminate after a finite number of steps. It should not run indefinitely.
4. Effectiveness:
   • An algorithm must be effective, meaning it should be able to solve the problem for which it is designed using a series of well-defined steps.
5. Correctness:
   • An algorithm should produce the correct output for any valid input. It must solve the problem it is designed to address.
6. Generality:
   • An algorithm should be applicable to a range of inputs and not limited to solving a particular instance of a problem.
7. Modularity:
   • Algorithms can be modular, meaning they can be broken down into smaller, more manageable sub-algorithms or modules. This enhances maintainability and reusability.
8. Optimality:
   • An optimal algorithm is one that solves a problem using the minimum necessary resources (time, space, etc.). Optimization is often a consideration in algorithm design.
9. Language Neutrality:
   • Algorithms are not tied to a specific programming language. They are expressed in a language-independent manner, allowing implementation in various programming languages.
10. Ease of Understanding:
    • Algorithms should be designed in a way that is easy to comprehend by humans. Clear and concise descriptions facilitate understanding and implementation.
11. Resource Usage:
    • An algorithm should use resources (such as memory and processing power) efficiently. This efficiency is often analyzed in terms of time complexity and space complexity.
12. Dynamic Nature:
    • Some algorithms can adapt to changing circumstances or input data. Dynamic algorithms are designed to handle evolving situations.

Algorithms play a crucial role in computer science and programming, providing a systematic and structured approach to problem-solving. They are used to solve a wide range of problems, from simple tasks to complex computations, and are fundamental to the development of software and applications

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-to-algorithms/

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